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Sanna

Sanna Alwmark

Biträdande universitetslektor

Sanna

Tying Shock Features to Impact Conditions : The Significance of Shear Deformation During Impact Cratering

Författare

  • S. Alwmark

Summary, in English

Impact cratering is associated with extreme physical conditions with temperatures and pressures far exceeding conditions otherwise prevailing at the surfaces of terrestrial planets. As a consequence, shock-metamorphosed rocks contain unique deformation features such as planar deformation features in quartz, high-pressure mineral polymorphs and melted rock. While the physical conditions of formation for impact-induced melting following the highest pressure and temperature conditions is relatively well understood, aspects of the formation of melt-veins in otherwise seemingly relatively low shock material has been the topic of discussion. In a new study, Hamann et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JE007742) are able to largely reproduce the current classification of progressive shock metamorphism of felsic rocks using a modern experimental set up that eliminates multiple shock wave reflections at sample containers and excavation and ejection of target material. Importantly, however, they find that shear deformation results in the formation of melt veins at pressures as low as 6 GPa. The authors recover stishovite in melt veins formed at low-moderate (<18 GPa) shock pressure, lower than most previous studies. These results have bearing on our understanding of the conditions of progressive shock metamorphism at terrestrial impact structures. However, since the results are similar to data obtained from experiments on basaltic rocks, the results also have broader implications for understanding the shock histories of meteorite parent bodies. Hamann et al. show the importance of experimental impact cratering for bridging the gap between observations in shocked rocks from terrestrial impact structures, in meteorites, and in returned samples, and their formational conditions.

Avdelning/ar

  • Berggrundsgeologi

Publiceringsår

2023-10

Språk

Engelska

Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie

Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets

Volym

128

Issue

10

Dokumenttyp

Artikel i tidskrift

Förlag

Wiley-Blackwell

Ämne

  • Geology

Nyckelord

  • impact cratering
  • shock metamorphism
  • shock veins

Aktiv

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt

  • ISSN: 2169-9097