Tree-rings reveal two strong solar proton events in 7176 and 5259 BCE

Summary, in English

The Sun sporadically produces eruptive events leading to intense fluxes of solar energetic particles (SEPs) that dramatically disrupt the near-Earth radiation environment. Such events have been directly studied for the last decades but little is known about the occurrence and magnitude of rare, extreme SEP events. Presently, a few events that produced measurable signals in cosmogenic radionuclides such as ¹⁴C, ¹⁰Be and ³⁶Cl have been found. Analyzing annual ¹⁴C concentrations in tree-rings from Switzerland, Germany, Ireland, Russia, and the USA we discovered two spikes in atmospheric ¹⁴C occurring in 7176 and 5259 BCE. The ~2% increases of atmospheric ¹⁴C recorded for both events exceed all previously known ¹⁴C peaks but after correction for the geomagnetic field, they are comparable to the largest event of this type discovered so far at 775 CE. These strong events serve as accurate time markers for the synchronization with floating tree-ring and ice core records and provide critical information on the previous occurrence of extreme solar events which may threaten modern infrastructure.

• Författare: Nicolas Brehm; Marcus Christl; Timothy D.J. Knowles; Emmanuelle Casanova; Richard P. Evershed; Florian Adolphi; Raimund Muscheler; Hans Arno Synal; Florian Mekhaldi; Chiara I. Paleari; Hanns Hubert Leuschner; Alex Bayliss; Kurt Nicolussi; Thomas Pichler; Christian Schlüchter; Charlotte L. Pearson; Matthew W. Salzer; Patrick Fonti; Daniel Nievergelt; Rashit Hantemirov; David M. Brown; Ilya Usoskin; Lukas Wacker
• Avdelning/ar: Kvartärgeologi; MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system
• Publiceringsår: 2022-12-01
• Språk: Engelska
• Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie: Nature Communications
• Volym: 13
• Issue: 1
• Länkar: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28804-9
• Dokumenttyp: Artikel i tidskrift
• Förlag: Nature Publishing Group
• Ämne: Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
• Aktiv: Published
• ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt: ISSN: 2041-1723