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Johan Lindgren

Johan Lindgren

Universitetslektor

Johan Lindgren

Chemical evaluation of eumelanin maturation by tof-sims and alkaline peroxide oxidation hplc analysis

Författare

  • Martin Jarenmark
  • Peter Sjövall
  • Shosuke Ito
  • Kazumasa Wakamatsu
  • Johan Lindgren

Summary, in English

Residual melanins have been detected in multimillion-year-old animal body fossils; how-ever, confident identification and characterization of these natural pigments remain challenging due to loss of chemical signatures during diagenesis. Here, we simulate this post-burial process through artificial maturation experiments using three synthetic and one natural eumelanin exposed to mild (100◦C/100 bar) and harsh (250◦C/200 bar) environmental conditions, followed by chemical analysis employing alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation (AHPO) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Our results show that AHPO is sensitive to changes in the melanin molecular structure already during mild heat and pressure treatment (resulting, e.g., in increased C-C cross-linking), whereas harsh maturation leads to extensive loss of eumelanin-specific chemical markers. In contrast, negative-ion ToF-SIMS spectra are considerably less affected by mild maturation conditions, and eumelanin-specific features remain even after harsh treatment. Detailed analysis of ToF-SIMS spectra acquired prior to experimental treatment revealed significant differences between the investigated eumelanins. However, systematic spectral changes upon maturation reduced these dissimilarities, indicating that intense heat and pressure treatment leads to the formation of a com-mon, partially degraded, eumelanin molecular structure. Our findings elucidate the complementary nature of AHPO and ToF-SIMS during chemical characterization of eumelanin traces in fossilized organismal remains.

Avdelning/ar

  • Berggrundsgeologi

Publiceringsår

2021

Språk

Engelska

Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Volym

22

Issue

1

Dokumenttyp

Artikel i tidskrift

Förlag

MDPI AG

Ämne

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Geochemistry

Nyckelord

  • Alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation
  • Eumelanin
  • Maturation
  • Principal component analysis
  • Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt

  • ISSN: 1661-6596